Equipment regarding Individual Nutrition, Company away from Dinner Research and you will Peoples Nutrients, Farming College out-of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.Meters.); (V.B.); (An effective.Z.)

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Abstract

All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink

step 1. Introduction

Products on the types of teas, java, milk products, juices, sodas, diet plan products, energy beverages and you will alcoholic drinks can be found in a big and you may increasing level of possibilities. Diversity touches taste preferences, nutritional requirements, and lifetime requires, just in case various drinks appear, it’s prone to started to euhydration .

Products lead whenever twenty-five%–50% regarding drinking habits [dos,step three,4], for this reason he or she is very important to meeting every single day liquid demands and achieving euhydration. Moisture has been of this repairs regarding normal physical and you may intellectual attributes https://brightwomen.net/fi/bulgarialaiset-naiset/ .

not, it has been argued one to drinks lead notably with the growing being obese costs all over the world [6,7], simply because of their energy articles [8,nine,10]. In a number of degree, Glucose Sweetened Drinks (SSB) application could have been of this gaining weight in kids and you will adults , if you find yourself proof you to definitely coming down SSBs often decrease the likelihood of obesity and you can associated disease particularly type 2 diabetes could have been viewed while the compelling . Opportunity intake from drinks has grown significantly over the past 40 age from the approximately 222 calories for every individual daily .

However, beverages about individuals kinds don’t lead just as in order to time intake . The power stuff of your take in and use activities may suggest otherwise, we.e., some caloric drinks are consumed hardly therefore adding very little to day-after-day time consumption. It's been debated you to substitution sweetened caloric drinks having water will help cure total opportunity intake from inside the overweight consumers . However, use of sweetened caloric drinks try a complex question that may be regarded beyond the caloric share as well as in the fresh new perspective from weightloss activities .

Also, at exactly the same time so you can food practices, some situations particularly seasonality, physical exercise profile and you may sex make a difference new range for the take in options and sum in order to total opportunity intake. These things have not been fully examined; further training in this region tend to clarify the present day matter of opportunity consumption from losing weight provide and you may off drinks particularly.

When you look at the an earlier studies used inside Greece, utilizing the Drinking water Balance Survey (WBQ) product, we found that for the 984 people, 24% regarding drinking habits arises from drinks . There can be an unequivocal have to then specialized during these results, elucidating the newest share regarding beverages so you can complete opportunity intake and you can harmony.